Crimes Against Civilians by the Sudanese Army in Sudan

Since the conflict in Sudan escalated in April 2023, the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) have been implicated in numerous human rights abuses against civilians. This article explores the reported crimes committed by the SAF, focusing on the impact on the civilian population amidst the ongoing strife.

Background of the Conflict

The conflict saw Sudan's military, led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, clash with various factions, leading to widespread violence across several states including Khartoum, Darfur, and Gezira. Although the conflict involves multiple parties, this piece centers on the actions of the SAF in relation to civilian rights.

Human Rights Violations

• Indiscriminate Bombardments: Reports have documented the use of heavy artillery and airstrikes by the SAF in densely populated areas. The bombing of residential neighborhoods in Khartoum and other cities has resulted in significant civilian casualties, including women and children. These actions, if not directed strictly at military targets, are considered violations of international humanitarian law.
• Mass Killings and Ethnic Targeting: There are allegations that the SAF has engaged in or failed to prevent mass killings, particularly in areas like Darfur where ethnic tensions are high. For instance, in Gezira state, after reclaiming control of areas, there were accusations of targeted killings based on ethnic identity, specifically against communities perceived as unsupportive of the military's control.
• Summary Executions: Human rights organizations have reported instances where SAF soldiers or their allies summarily executed civilians. These incidents often occur during or after military operations in urban centers or villages, with the victims sometimes being accused of supporting opposition groups.
• Blockades of Aid: The SAF has been criticized for blocking humanitarian aid in regions under their control. This includes preventing medical supplies from reaching hospitals or food aid from reaching starving communities, exacerbating the humanitarian crisis. Such actions could be seen as using starvation as a method of warfare, which is a war crime.
• Arbitrary Detentions: There have been numerous reports of arbitrary arrests and detentions by SAF forces. Civilians, including journalists, activists, and those perceived as critics of the regime, have been detained without due process, often leading to forced disappearances or torture.

Impact on Civilians

The toll on Sudanese civilians has been immense. Millions have been displaced, with many fleeing to neighboring countries or becoming internally displaced within Sudan. The healthcare system has collapsed in many areas, leading to deaths from preventable diseases and lack of medical care. Schools have closed, and the education of an entire generation is at risk. The psychological impact on the population, particularly children, is profound, with trauma likely to have long-term effects.

International Reaction and Accountability

International bodies, including the United Nations and human rights organizations, have called for investigations into these alleged crimes. There's a significant push for accountability, yet the practical mechanisms for ensuring justice are complicated by the ongoing conflict and the political landscape.

The actions attributed to the SAF have had devastating consequences for Sudanese civilians. The international community must continue to demand accountability and push for a cessation of hostilities, ensuring that humanitarian aid reaches those in need without hindrance. Peace, justice, and respect for human rights remain the only viable paths forward for Sudan. However, without genuine efforts from all involved parties to protect civilians and respect international law, the suffering will continue, deepening the scars of this conflict.